The role of contrastive analysis in translation study. Linguistics human languages are systems of symbols designed for the purpose of communication. It is devoted not only to the analysis of language means which connect elementary text units in different types of text, but it also lays the foundations of contrastive text linguistics on the. By this topic we hope that we can help the teachers, the learners and the translators understand and use words and idioms related to hearing in english and vietnamese. Discourse analysis and development of english listening for nonenglish majors in china. The examination of l2 learning related to the field of psychology means. Phonology deals with the systematic patterns in the. A contrastive analysis of the american and persian. For all reasons, we decided to make a contrastive analysis of grammatical and semantic features of words and idioms related to hearing in english and vietnamese. The first contrastive referred to the language study which is analyzed in accordance with the rule and structure of the language itself. The macrotextual analysis examines i the situational context of instructional texts and ii how instructional texts are characteristically organised to convey the information necessary for the correct use of the device.
Contrastive analysis can shed light on translation strategies in different languages. Linguistics o contrastive analysis pays attention to different languages at lexical, phonological, syntactical and semantic levels o contrastive studies find similarities and differences between languages in. Thus, contrastive analysis followers suggest that teachers do contrastive analysis between the native language and the target language so as to predict. On the relevance of phonetic, phonological, and morphological levels in contrastive phonology. Definitions, origins and approaches of sociolinguistics 1. Often used to reconstruct historic language trees, showing how whole language families devel. Comparative linguistics, or comparativehistorical linguistics formerly comparative philology is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness genetic relatedness implies a common origin or protolanguage and comparative linguistics aims to construct language families, to reconstruct protolanguages. Applied linguistics, natural language processing, second language acquisition, contrastive analysis, applied contrastive analysis english language department, metalinguistic rules, crosslinguistics studies, computational thought. This emphasis reflected the focus of american linguistics at the time, which was still very much under. What is contrastive analysis free download as powerpoint presentation. Contrastive analysis and learner language 2 preface the present text has grown out of several years work on the englishnorwegian parallel corpus enpc, as presented in my recent monograph seeing through multilingual corpora.
Contrastive analysis and linguistic theory symposium that took place at ghent. Pdf pragmatics between microlinguistic and macrolinguistic. In micro linguistics, language is reduced to the abstract mental elements of syntax and phonology. However, they differ in what a language must convey. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage and. Pdf contrastive and comparative linguistics marcin. Ping ke this book serves as an introduction to contrastive linguistics the synchronic study of two or more languages, with the aim of discovering their differences and similarities, especially the former. Contrastive analysis and translation study from a corpus. What we have been dealing with thus far is microor codelinguistic contrastive analysis. Accordingly, any pair or group of languages even latin and dyirbal can be subject to a contrastive analysis. Addressing the contextual side of language, the book adopts a macro linguistic approach in a discussion of pragmatics, text analysis, conversational analysis, and contrastive discourse. Pdf contrastive analysis saieed moslemi nezhad academia.
What is contrastive analysis linguistics philology. On the use of corpora in contrastive studies benjamins 2007. Ma student islamic azad university of shahrood regularization. When it became clear that contrastive linguistics was not going to provide the foundation for a comprehensive theory of foreignlanguage learning, the field started showing signs of strain. English and any indigenous namibian language at any level of language analysis. The contrastive analysis and translation studies between. Microlinguistics is a branch of linguistics that concerns itself with the study of language systems in the abstract, without regard to the meaning or notional content of linguistic expressions. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage 1. Definitions, origins and approaches of sociolinguistics. Get an answer for what is the difference between micro linguistics and macro linguistics, with definitions and examples. Out of context translation of arabic adjectives into english in. In the remainder of this discussion, i will conduct a contrastive analysis in which i compare the languages respective consonant and vowel systems, as well as a brief exploration of some phonotactic constraints. On the tenability of the notion pragmatic equivalence in contrastive analysis karol janicki. Contrastive discourse analysis in language usage juliane house.
Contrastive analysis and secondlanguage acquisition contrastive analysis was used extensively in the field of second language acquisition sla in the 1960s and early 1970s, as a method of explaining why some features of a target language were more difficult to. The handbook of discourse analysis pdf free download. What is contrastive analysis in applied linguistics. Contrastive analysis ca was a hypothesis pioneered in the late 1950s by robert lado and his book linguistics across cultures.
Before starting our discussion there is a need to know and understand the real distinction between linguistics forms of microlinguistics and macrolinguistics. Ca was developed to examine the differences between two languages in an effort to identify problem areas for. Contrastive analysis ca or contrastive linguistics is considered as a part of applied linguistics. Contrastive analysis kerstin fischer and martina drescher fakultat fur linguistik and literaturwissenschaft universitat bielefeld, postfach 1001, 33601 bielefeld abstract in this paper, it will be investigated. Contrastive analysis is a method to distinguish between what are needed and not needed to learn by the second language learner by evaluating languages m. Intro to linguistics basic concepts of linguistics. A contrastive analysis of conditionals in english and. Hamilton the handbook of discourse analysis blackwell handbooks in linguistics this outstanding multivolume series covers all the major subdisciplines within linguistics today and, when complete, will offer a comprehensive survey of linguistics as a whole. The language as the communication tool and then the society is the communities of people. Based on the study analysis, contrastive analysis could be classified into 2 two main categories, they are micro linguistic contrastive and macro linguistic contrastive. Sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, text linguistics and other relevant.
As for the sociolinguist macro entities such as polish and english are too large. On this view, contrastive linguistics is a special case of linguistic typology and is distinguished from other types of typological approaches by a small sample size and a high degree of granularity. Based on the principles of critical discourse analysis this contrastive study sought to investigate the effect of culture on the journalistic style and the strategies used to report news in the. Intro to linguistics basic concepts of linguistics jirka hana october 2, 2011 overview of topics language and languages speech vs. Journal of panpacific association of applied linguistics, 172, 122. Contrastive linguistics emerged as a major subfield of applied linguistics in the 1940s and consolidated quickly throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Contrastive analysis hypothesis and transfer theory. Contrastive linguistics, since its inception by robert lado in the 1950s, has often been linked to aspects of applied linguistics, e. This is a book about linguistics, not about any of its subdisciplines in particular. It contrasts with macrolinguistics, which includes meanings, and especially with sociolinguistics. Papers on contrastive linguistics in this volume include. It discusses the principles and methods, and contrasts english, chinese, german, and other languages at phonological, lexical, grammatical, textual, and pragmatic levels, focusing more on the useful insights contrastive analysis provides into realworld problems in fields such as applied linguistics, translation and translation studies, english. Acomparisonoftheenglishandtagalogsoundsystems 3between these two languages. Error analysis and interlanguage applied linguistics.
Contrastive analysis presents a successful theoretical and practical case for the value of ca as a research tool, both for those studying applied linguistics and for teachers needing to adjust their teaching to the state of knowledge of their students. In macrolinguistics, one may go even further into social and cultural contexts, looking at how the language impacts a culture on a grander scale. Ca can be broken into macro contrastive analysis and micro contrastive analysis, the. Macro linguistics and contrastive analysis by morteza. Micro linguistics is a science of language that learns a language viewed from the internal side which is analyzed in accordance with its rule or structure of. Sociolinguistics is the study about relationship between language and society. What is the difference between micro linguistics and macro. Contrastive linguistics definition is a branch of linguistics concerned with showing the differences and similarities in the structure of at least two languages or dialects. These are some of the main branches of linguistics. In other words, it is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. The study is carried out at two levels of analysis.
Chomsky such grammatically irrelevant condition as memory limitations, distractions, shifts of attention and interest. Below are some suggestion how to answer each question. Contrastive analysis is presented as a useful contributor to studies in interlanguage and the predictability of learner difficulty. A contrastive analysis of the american and persian newspaper editorials. Guys there is the power point presentation of contrastive analysis, set 2. The handbook of discourse analysis edited by deborah schiffrin, deborah tannen, and heidi e. Although the makes are of average and few percentage above average marks. In this and the next chapters we are going to study macrocontrastive analysis, which is conducted on the. Contrastive analysis in linguistics linguistics oxford. At the end are guiding questions for the educator to contemplate instruction and contrastive analysis. Ca is the study and comparison of two languages, learners target language tl and learners native language nl. Methods for the description of discourse particles.
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